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Experimental analysis of cello string types: influence on playability and tonal characteristics using Schelleng diagrams

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  • Abstract
    • This study experimentally assesses the influence of cello string types on playability and tonal characteristics using a robotic bowing device and a custom monochord setup. Eight custom-made G2 cello strings, each defined by unique combinations of core materials, windings, and nominal tensions, were systematically tested. High-resolution Schelleng diagrams were constructed from steady-state signals across various bow forces, bow-bridge distances, and bow speeds. Analyses included bow force limits, spectral centroid, pitch flattening, and anomalous low frequencies. Results revealed similar regions of Helmholtz motion, with deviations from Schelleng's classical theory aligning with recent research. Pitch flattening occurred mainly at high bow forces and lower bow speeds, with deviations up to 60 cents below nominal pitch, while spectral centroid analysis highlighted a significant correlation between bending stiffness and perceived tonal brightness. Minimal within-type variability was noted; however, tonal deviations due to string settling were substantial, underscoring the importance of play-in periods. Although playability differences across tension groups were minor, tonal descriptors, notably spectral centroid, displayed clearer sensitivity to material composition. Future studies should explore broader string variations and detailed harmonic content to enhance statistical robustness and generalizability. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P34852-N].
  • Date Issued 2025
  • Authors
    Lampis, Alessio | University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
    Chatziioannou, Vasileios | University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
    Scavone, Gary | McGill University
  • DOI 10.1121/2.0002111
  • Language en
  • License CC-BY-4.0
  • Subjects Acoustics Musical instruments Robotics Flexural rigidity
  • ÖFOS mit Kunstzweigen
    10% NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN - Mathematik
    80% NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN - Physik, Astronomie
    10% TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN - Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Informationstechnik